Pancreatic cancer diagnosis: signs, tests, and next steps
Worried about pancreatic cancer? You’re not alone — this is one of those conditions where early steps matter. I’ll walk you through the signs to watch for, the common tests doctors use, and what those results usually mean.
Common warning signs and when to see a doctor
Pay attention to unexplained weight loss, new-onset diabetes, and persistent upper abdominal or back pain. Look out for painless yellowing of the skin or dark urine (jaundice). These aren’t proof of cancer, but they’re reasons to get checked quickly, especially if symptoms come on fast or don’t go away.
If you notice these signs, start with your primary care doctor. They’ll do a medical history, physical exam, and likely order initial blood work, including liver tests and a tumor marker called CA19-9. CA19-9 can be high with pancreatic cancer, but it also rises with other conditions. It’s a useful clue, not a diagnosis on its own.
Key imaging and tests used to diagnose
CT scan with contrast (pancreatic protocol CT) is the most common first imaging test. It shows the pancreas, nearby blood vessels, and whether a tumor looks resectable (removable). MRI gives similar detail and helps when CT is unclear or if you can’t have contrast dye.
Endoscopic ultrasound (EUS) is often the next step if imaging finds a suspicious area. During EUS a thin tube with an ultrasound probe goes down the throat to the stomach and duodenum for very close views of the pancreas. Doctors can take a biopsy (FNA or core needle) during EUS to confirm cancer under the microscope.
ERCP is mainly used if a tumor is blocking the bile duct and you need a stent to relieve jaundice. It can also collect tissue but isn’t as sensitive as EUS for biopsy.
Sometimes PET-CT is ordered to look for distant spread, and diagnostic laparoscopy can reveal small metastases that scans miss — that matters for deciding whether surgery is an option.
Staging depends on tumor size, local blood vessel involvement, lymph nodes, and distant metastases. The team uses this to plan treatment: surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or a combination.
Genetic testing is increasingly recommended after diagnosis. Finding a BRCA or PALB2 mutation can change treatment choices and tells family members about potential risks.
Getting care at a high-volume pancreatic center makes a difference. Surgeons and oncologists who treat many pancreas cases are more likely to offer the best options and multidisciplinary planning.
If you have test results you don’t understand, ask for plain explanations: What does this scan show? Is the tumor resectable? What biopsy results mean? Request a second opinion if anything feels unclear or rushed.
Pancreatic cancer diagnosis is stressful, but knowing the tests and next steps helps you act fast and get the right team on your side.
The Emotional Impact of a Pancreatic Cancer Diagnosis on Family and Friends
The emotional impact of a pancreatic cancer diagnosis can be truly overwhelming for both the patient and their loved ones. As a blogger, I've witnessed firsthand how family and friends often experience intense feelings of shock, fear, and sadness. It's not uncommon for them to struggle with processing the news and supporting their loved one through this challenging time. Additionally, the uncertainty about the future can lead to anxiety and stress, making it difficult for everyone to cope. Open communication and seeking emotional support are essential for navigating this difficult journey together.
- June 26 2023
- Tony Newman
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- emotional impact pancreatic cancer diagnosis family friends
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